Impact of Cooling and Efficiency in Modern Data Center Design

Phil Koblence is COO of New York Internet.

It’s 2016, yet IT experts are still challenged with how to effectively and efficiently cool their data center. The cooling process accounts for 40 percent of all power consumed by data centers, so this question is a top priority for operators. Ensuring optimal cooling in a data center not only lowers operational expenditure, but it reduces the strain on equipment cooling mechanisms, extending the lifespan of the hardware; and freeing up power for IT equipment, increasing equipment uptime. The decision to invest in cooling infrastructure is easy, however, choosing the method with which you regulate temperature within the data center can be more challenging.

Cooling and efficiency strategies are constantly evolving, with companies like Microsoft going so far as to drop a self-contained data center into the ocean. However, you do not need to plunge your equipment into the sea or move to the Arctic to keep yours cool. Hot-aisle containment (HAC) and cold-aisle containment (CAC) are the primary methods used by leading businesses to reduce energy and optimize equipment performance within the data center. This proven and highly effective methodology of cooling has emerged as a new best practice within the industry.

Cooling and Energy Efficiency

Legacy data centers pose a challenge to containment due to the full separation of the supply and return airflow, which has evolved over time with the design of the room and equipment footprint. In these situations, custom containment solutions are often required to address the issues plaguing the existing footprint, such as computer rows without opposing cold or hot aisles and isolated equipment that is not configured in a hot/cold aisle format.

HAC and CAC configurations within a data center ensure optimal efficiency by separating the cold supply airflow from the hot equipment exhaust air. By minimizing the mixing of hot and cold air, a uniform and predictable supply temperature is created and distributed to the intake of IT equipment. This results in a warmer, drier return air to the AC coil. By increasing air efficiencies, containment systems increase uptimes, extend hardware life and result in valuable cost and energy savings.

Furthermore, HAC and CAC containment systems are known for their ease of installation and limit the impact on existing infrastructure within a facility, which is important given that floor space in a data center can be expensive. That said, it is important to understand the source of the supply airflow and return airflow when designing a HAC or CAC system. The room and equipment layout should dictate the design of the containment, dictating whether the aisle will be cold or hot. For instance, rooms with drop ceiling voids can be used to return air directly back to the CRAC without mixing with the room’s ambient airflow.

Containing Energy and Cost

Containment effectively reduces the power consumption of a data center and can result in significant cost benefits. The benefits can always be measured at the cooling intake of the servers. Before and after measurements show that the intake temperate can drop 10°. Additionally, return air temperatures increase 10°, which in turn increases the CRAC cooling capacity by over 50 percent.

The cost savings can be calculated directly from temperature within the data center. For every 1°F in temperature rise, the gain is 2 percent in cost savings for cooling. Additionally, containment allows data center providers to use the top 15 percent of the rack that is often left unpopulated due to inconsistent air supply temperatures, which results in an immediate savings that can run into the millions.

Before and after computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can assist customers in predicting their energy savings, so as to build an ROI model that improves the value of the containment investment. SubZero Engineering records before and after containment temperatures at both the intake of the cooling air to the servers and return air to the CRAC units report a national average of slightly over 10°F drop at the IT intake.

Industry Perspectives is a content channel at Data Center Knowledge highlighting thought leadership in the data center arena. See our guidelines and submission process for information on participating. View previously published Industry Perspectives in our Knowledge Library.